Psych 2

1/22/15

Agora Phobia- Fear of going outside 

Mood Disorder- Experiences extreme or inappropriate emotion

Major Depression- Unhappy for at least two weeks with no apparent cause. Depression is the common cold of psychological disorders

Dysthymic Disorder- "mild depression", Suffering from mild depression everyday for at least two years. 

Bipolar- Formally Manic Depression. Involves periods of depression and manic episodes. Manic episodes involve feeling of high energy.

SAD" Seasonal  Affective Disorder"- Experience depression during the winter months. Based not on temperature, but on amount of sunlight.

Personality disorder- Well established maladaptive ways of behaving that negatively affect peoples ability to function. Dominates their personality .

Antisocial Personality- Lack of Empathy, Little regard of others feelings. view the world as hostile and look out for themselves.

Dependent Personality Disorder- Rely too much on the attention and help of others.

Histrionic Personality Disorder- Needs to be the center of attention.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder- Having an unwarranted sense of self importance. Thinking that you are the center of the universe. 

Nominal vs Real GDP notes

Nominal GDP- Value of output produced in current prices.

P*Q. Price x quantity 

Can increase from year to year if either output or price increase 

Real GDP- Value of output, produced in constant or based year prices. Adjusted for inflation

Price(Old) X Quantity

Can increase from year to year, only if output increases. 

Price Index- measures inflation by tracking changes in the price of a market basket of goods, compared to the base year.

GDP deflator- Price index, that is used to adjust from nominal to real GDP.

Base year, the GDP deflator will equal 100, for years after the base years the GDP deflator will be greater than 100

For years before the base year, GDP deflator will be less than 100.

Inflation Rate- New GDP deflator- Old GDP deflator/ Old GDP deflator X 100.

Expenditures Notes

Expenditure Approach- Add up the market value of all domestic expenditures made on final good and services with a single year

C+Ig+G+Xn=GDP

Income Approach- Adding up all the income earned by households and firms in a single year.

GDP= W+R+I+P+ Statistical adjustment  ( Has to = Expenditure)

Wages

Rents

Interest

Profit

 

Budget- Government purchases of goods and services+ Government transfer payments- Government tax and fee collection

If Budget is "+" you have a deficit

If Budget is "-" you have a surplus

Trade-  Exports-imports

GNP- GDP+Net foreign factor payment  

NNP(Net national product)- GNP- Depreciation  

NDP (Net Domestic Product)- GDP- Depreciation 

National Income- 

1. GDP- Indirect business taxes - Depreciation - Net Foreign Factor Payments

2. Compensation of Employees + Proprietor Income+ Rental Income + Interest Income + Corporate Profits

Disposable Personal Income- National Income- Personal Household taxes+ Government Transfer Payments

GDP notes

GDP- Total Dollar value, within a countries border, within a year 

GNP-Total value of all final goods and services, produce by americans in a year.

What is included in GDP- C+Ig+G+Xn

C= consumption, "67% is consumption", purchasing finished goods and services.

Ig= Gross Private Domestic Investment, Factor equipment maintenance, New Factory equipment, New construction housing, unsold inventory of a products built in a year.

G= Government Spending.

Xn= Net Exports. Exports-Imports

What is not included in GDP- 

1. Used or secondhand goods

2. Intermediate Goods, are goods and services that are purchased for resales or for further processing or manufacturing." trying to avoid multiple or double counting"

3. Non-Market activity, illegal drugs, unpaid work, doing own repair jobs, pimping, baby sitting, growing own food. 

4. Financial transactions- Stocks, Bonds, Real Estate 

5. Gifts or transfer payments- 

Public- Recipients contribute nothing, to the current output or production.

Private- Produces no outputs, simply transfer fund from on private individual to another.

Graph Notes

Graph Notes 

Equilibrium- Supply curve and demand curve intersect. Point where all resources are being use efficiently

Shortage- QD>QS

Surplus- QS>QD

Price Floor- Government imposed price limit, on how low a price can be charged for a product

 

Price ceiling- Government imposed limit on how high a price is charged for a product. 

Fixed Cost- A cost that cannot change. ex rent, insurance, mortgage

Variable Cost- Cost that fluctuate. Ex Gas, phone 

Marginal Cost- Cost of producing one more unit of a good. 

New TC- Old TC

 

Psych 1/8

01/8/15

5 goals of psychology

Observe

Predict

Explain

Describe

Control

History Of Psychology

Mind and Body Connected

The Hebrews

Aristotle

Augustine'

Mind and body are distinct

Socrates5

Plato

Descartes

Some ideas are inborn

Socrates

Plato

The mind is a blank slate

Aristotle

Locke

Wilhelm Wundt - Father of Psychology.

Structuralism- Broke down mental process into the most basic components of conscious experience. What did you see, hear, taste, smell, feel.

Functionalism- Focused less on the How, and focusing more on the Why. Emphasized the process of how thoughts formed, changed, and how they adapted. 

7 perspective 

Neuroscience Perspective- Focus on how the physical body and brain creates our emotions, memories and sensory experiences. 

Evolutionary- Darwinism, We behave the way we do because we inherited those behavior.

Psychodynamic- Sigmund Freud, our behavior comes from unconscious drives.

Behavioral- Focuses on our Observable behaviors. Only cares about the behaviors that impair our living and attempted to change them.

Cognitive- Focuses on how we think( or encode information)

Social Cultural - Focuses on how your culture affects your behavior.

Humanistic- Focuses on positive growth, attempts to eek self actualization

AP economic 1/8

01/8/15

Scarcity- Most fundemental economic probelm that all societies face." trying to satisfy unlimited wants, with limited resources" Permanent. 

Shortage- Quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied . Temporarily shortage

Goods- Tangible commotie . 2 types of good "consumer vs Capital"

Consumer goods- Goods that are intended for final use by the consumer 

Capital goods- Items used in the creation of other goods .

Services- Work that is performed for someone else 

Factors of Production- 4 types, 

Land " Natural Resources"

Labor " Workforce"

Capital " Human Capital and Physical capital" 

Entrepreneurship- Innovative, Risk taker 

Human Capital- Any knowledge or skills gained through education and experience

Physical Capital- Human made objects used to create other goods and services 

Tradeoffs- Alternatives that we give up, when we choose one course of actions over another.

Opportunity Cost- Most desirable alternative given up by making a decision. " Given up on all option but you have to get something else"

Guns Or Butter- Where does the government spends its money. How are we allocating our resources.

Production Possibility Graph- Alternatives ways to use resources.

*Put a Graph In*

The curve is the - PPC or Frontier

The Graph-

A- We are efficient, and attainable. Making Both =

B- Efficient, Producing more cars 

C- Efficient, Producing more Trucks

"ABC all on the curve, meaning their efficient"

D- Under utilization, not employing all of our resources, attainable, but inefficient. " Inside of the curve. Caused by, depression, war and famine, underemployment and unemployment, down in population".

E- Unattainable, "outside of the curve", why we are? Economic Growth, Technology,  Discover New Resources.

01/8/15

Scarcity- Most fundemental economic probelm that all societies face." trying to satisfy unlimited wants, with limited resources" Permanent. 

Shortage- Quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied . Temporarily shortage

Goods- Tangible commotie . 2 types of good "consumer vs Capital"

Consumer goods- Goods that are intended for final use by the consumer 

Capital goods- Items used in the creation of other goods .

Services- Work that is performed for someone else 

Factors of Production- 4 types, 

Land " Natural Resources"

Labor " Workforce"

Capital " Human Capital and Physical capital" 

Entrepreneurship- Innovative, Risk taker 

Human Capital- Any knowledge or skills gained through education and experience

Physical Capital- Human made objects used to create other goods and services 

Tradeoffs- Alternatives that we give up, when we choose one course of actions over another.

Opportunity Cost- Most desirable alternative given up by making a decision. " Given up on all option but you have to get something else"

Guns Or Butter- Where does the government spends its money. How are we allocating our resources.

Production Possibility Graph- Alternatives ways to use resources.

*Put a Graph In*

The curve is the - PPC or Frontier

The Graph-

A- We are efficient, and attainable. Making Both =

B- Efficient, Producing more cars 

C- Efficient, Producing more Trucks

"ABC all on the curve, meaning their efficient"

D- Under utilization, not employing all of our resources, attainable, but inefficient. " Inside of the curve. Caused by, depression, war and famine, underemployment and unemployment, down in population".

E- Unattainable, "outside of the curve", why we are? Economic Growth, Technology,  Discover New Resources.